Satisfying Your Psychological Needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, created by Abraham Maslow in 1943, illustrates how people satisfy their needs through different stages of life. The hierarchy illustrates that humans cannot achieve self-actualization (the fifth and final stage) if they have not first satisfied the preceding needs on the list. The five stages include physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.


1. Physiological



First, we need food and water to survive. A lack of water can kill us within a matter of days while food can sustain us for weeks. As such, these are arguably our most important needs as humans. If you're dehydrated or malnourished, your body will take over as it tries to make sure you survive. You'll have no energy for socializing and other less pressing matters. In short, if you don't take care of your physiological needs first, your ability to meet any other need is severely limited and may not even be possible at all. Luckily, they're also some of the easiest needs to satisfy since they only require that you eat enough food and drink enough water every day. Once those basic requirements are met, then it's time to start looking into meeting higher-level needs.

You need self-esteem in order to feel confident in yourself and your abilities so that you can pursue goals confidently without fear of failure or rejection. A good place to start when trying to build self-esteem is by working on internal characteristics like personal values, morals, ethics and integrity. Once you feel good about who you are as a person—not just what kind of job title you hold—you'll naturally be more confident in your abilities because others see those same qualities in you.


2. Safety



Making money and staying safe are at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy for a reason. Without personal security and financial freedom, people will not be able to focus on other needs like love, self-esteem or personal growth. Staying safe means creating a reliable income source with protections against risk. While it’s tempting to try to cut corners here (for example, living with less than $1 in your savings account), that often leads to more serious consequences. Money management is a difficult skill set to master without professional help; if you don’t know where to start, consider working with a financial planner who can help you put together an emergency fund and identify what kind of insurance (health, life) you should have in place.


3. Belonging



At one level, belonging may be as simple as having other people to share a cup of coffee with in the morning. When we're lonely or socially isolated, we start to lose our sense of self-worth and happiness. Whether it’s making friends, getting out into your community or just having someone you can talk to, don't underestimate how powerful it is to know that there are people who want you around. Belonging has even been shown to improve physical health—people who are more socially connected tend to have lower blood pressure and live longer than those who aren't. So make an effort to reach out more often and build new relationships.


4. Self-esteem



This is perhaps one of Maslow’s most important psychological needs. Without self-esteem, people become neurotic, which means they are unsure of themselves and question their ability to do things, even things they know they can accomplish. Self-esteem and learning new skills go hand in hand—you won’t know what you can or cannot do if you don’t try! Self-esteem is also something we can build on and take with us no matter where we end up; it will always help us achieve more than thinking about ourselves negatively or doing nothing at all.

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